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Debian

default font for a language

Worked Ref

# check the default font of a language
LANG=fa_IR fc-match

# customize font for specific language
cat > .fonts.conf <<EOF
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>
  <match>
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>LANGUAGE_CODE</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>FONT_NAME</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>
EOF

add a new font

Detail: To add a font to Debian, you can follow these steps:

  1. System-Wide Installation:

    • Install the appropriate font package starting with "fonts-" to add fonts system-wide. These fonts will be installed in /usr/share/fonts by the package manager.
    • Manually install a font by downloading the .ttf or .otf files and placing them in /usr/local/share/fonts (system-wide), ~/.local/share/fonts, or ~/.fonts (user-specific). Ensure the files have the correct permissions (644) and update the font cache using fc-cache.

  2. Adding Specific Fonts:

    • If you want to add specific .ttf fonts, place the font files in /home/<usr>/.fonts, then run fc-cache to make them available in applications like LibreOffice. Check /etc/fonts/font.conf for the correct home directory path.

  3. Enabling Contrib Section:

    • If you encounter issues with missing font packages like ttf-mscorefonts-installer, ensure you have the contrib section enabled in your sources list by editing /etc/apt/sources.list and adding the necessary repositories.

  4. Additional Resources:

    • You can also explore further resources like GitHub for scripts to install TTF fonts in Debian, which involve moving the font files to /usr/share/fonts/truetype, updating font configurations, and refreshing the font cache.

list fonts

fc-list

view and manage fonts